Literature review compilations Essay

1. Rao, V. (1993). The rising price of husbands: A hedonic analysis of dowry increases in rural India. Journal of Political Economy, 666-677. Motivation and objective : Attempts to investigate the reasons behind the increase in dowry . Methods : It adapts Rosen’s implicit market model to the Indian marriage market and tests predictions from the model with data from six villages in South Central India and from the Indian census Theories : Using utility function, U is assumed to be maximized, given that U is the utility function which represent the household preferences. The function will be U = U(X,W,H). Where X refers to consumption of goods, W refers to the desirable traits of the bride and her family and H is traits of the groom. Main Findings : It is found that a â€Å"marriage squeeze† caused by population growth, resulting in larger younger cohorts and hence a surplus of women in the marriage market, has played a significant role in the rise in dowries. ( Surplus o f women over man at marriageable ages) 2. Skogrand, L. M., Schramm, D. G., Marshall, J. P., & Lee, T. R. (2005). The effects of debt on newlyweds and implications for education. Journal of extension, 43(3), 1. Motivation and objective : Examines the relationship between newlywed debt, selected demographic variables, and newlywed levels of marital satisfaction and adjustment.. Methods: A 38-item survey was mailed to a random sample of 2,823 newlywed couples in a western state. The couples’ names were randomly chosen from the marriage licenses that were filed within the state during a six-month period. Husbands and wives were asked to complete their surveys separately.The response rate was 40%, with 1,010 couples responding. Theories and tools : Marital satisfaction was measured using the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMSS) (Schumm et al., 1986), and marital adjustment was measured using the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) (Busby, Crane, Christensen, & Larson, 1995). The KMSS and RDAS are established measures for assessing marital satisfaction and adjustment, both having correlation coefficients above .78. Main Findings: The findings from this study indicate that entering marriage with consumer debt has a negative impact on newlywed levels of marital quality. The large majority (70%) of newlyweds in this study brought debt into their marriage relationship. This amount of debt, along with other expenses associated with couples beginning their lives together, are likely to  distract couples from the developmental task of building a strong marriage relationship during the first few months and years of marriage Policy recommendation: .- Because many individuals marry with no more than a high sc hool education, educating individuals about debt and its potentially negative impact on marriage relationships should begin in high school. This may be one way to help couples achieve healthier marriages 3. S. Dalmia (2004). A hedonic analysis of marriage transactions in India: estimating determinants of dowries and demandfor groom characteristics in marriage. Research in Economics 58 (2004) 235–255. Motivation and objective : This paper uses data from a retrospective sample survey to develop and test a framework capable of explaining dowry exchange and groom selection in India. Methods: Using a sample of 1037 households between 1956 and 1994, this paper develops and tests a framework capable of explaining marriage transactions and groom selection in India. Theories and tools : It adapts Rosen’s (1974) implicit market model and takes the view that dowry is a simple economic transaction that functions to ‘equalize’ the value of marriage services exchanged by the households of the bride and groom. Main Findings: Consistent with ethnographic evidence, results indicate that dowries are higher in regions more to the north. Most importantly, contrary to popular belief, it is found that holding groom characteristics constant, real dowries have decreased over time. Finally, in estimating the parameters of the demand functions for a set of groom attributes, results show that the most important determinants of demand for various groom attributes are price of the attribute, bride’s traits, and the socio-economic status of the bride’s h ousehold 4. Siwan Anderson (2007). The Economics of Dowry and Brideprice. Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 21, Number 4—Fall 2007—Pages 151–174 Motivation and objective: This paper first establishes some basic facts about the prevalence and magnitude of marriage payments. It then discusses how such patterns vary across countries depending upon economic conditions, societal structures, institutions, and family characteristics. Theories and tools: The descriptions of marriage payments in this paper are synthesizedfrom a patchwork of studies across periods, places, and even epochs, and there are doubtless numerous cases which remain undocumented.  Discussion: Economists’ interest in marriage payments partly stems from their potential to affect the wealth distribution across generations and families. However, economic analysis has not directly investigated these welfare impacts of marriage payments. In this respect, marriage transfers which are destined for the couple, either in the form of dowry or dower, may function differently from those which are paid directly from one set of parents to the other, like bride price or groom price. The former payment is an intergenerational transfer. The latter forms a circulating fund, with receipt for marriages of one gender being used to pay for marriages of children of the other. 5. Sarwat Afzal & Imtiaz Subhani (2009). To Estimate An Equation Explaining The Determinants Of Dowry. Iqra University Motivation and objective : The focus of this study is to estimate an equation explaining the determinants of dowry. Methods: The data of 140 respondents is used to examine the variables to determine the dowry size, data set on bride-groom characteristics and dowry. The study has been focused on analysis that dowry paid is dependent on which variables Subject in the rural subcontinent. Since the objective of study is to estimate the equation explaining the determinant of dowry so all the variables given in the data are takes as independent and the dowry paid is taken as dependent variable. Theories and tools: This paper determine the determinants of dowry, using multiple regression analysis, the author used the ANOVA table, R2 value to tabulate the determinants of dowry price. Main Findings: This research suggested that dowry paid is based on the status and the affluence of husband’s family as well as the education of the husband’s father that are the important determina nts of the incidence of dowries. The influence of husband’s father education is accounted as a predictor for the system of dowry paid 6. Edlund, L. (2006). The price of marriage: Net vs. gross flows and the South Asian dowry debate. Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(2†3), 542-551. Motivation and objective : The rise in dowry payments in India has been taken as evidence that women increasingly are at a disadvantage on the marriage  market and must pay for marriage. Moreover, high dowries, it is argued, add to the plight of parents of daughters and have thus contributed to the scarcity of women (brides). However, the logic is curious, and, this paper argues, flawed. The term â€Å"dowry† can mean different things, and it may be useful to distinguish between the assets the bride brings at the time of marriage (gross dowry) and those netted against the groom payments (net dowry). The former is what is generally meant by dowry, while the latter is a concept used mainly by economists Methods: Data are from a retrospective survey of marriages conducted in 1983 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). These data have been used in a number of studies of South Asian dowry inflation. ICRISAT conducted a stratified random sample of 40 households each from six villages in South-central India. The first household married in 1923 and the last in 1978. Main Findings: Empirically, the paper has shown that in a much-used data set on dowry inflation, net dowries did not increase in the period after 1950, belying claims of â€Å"recent† increases. Moreover, variables designed to capture marriage-squeeze or male relative to female heterogeneity failed to move dowries in the expected direction. 7. Balwick, J. (1975). The function of the dowry system in a rapidly modernizing society: The case of Cyprus. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 158-167. Motivation and objective : The purpose of this paper is to examine the functional relationship between the dowry system and modernization for the country of Cyprus. Two inferences tried to be drawn in this paper are attempt to develop is two 1) the dowry system has served a latent function in encouraging a rapid rate of urban, Industrial, and technological development in Cyprus; and (2) that the rapid rate of technological development in Cyprus, along with new concepts of marital arrangement, are weakening the importance of the dowry system Methods: The analysis of this paper’s topic will begin by considering the function of the dowry system in Traditional Greek Cypriot society, move to a consideration of the function of the dowry system during rapid modernization, turn to a consideration of the effect of modernization upon the dowry system, and conclude by  speculating as to the possible effect which a decline in the dowry system will have upon marriage. Main Findings: modernization is a threat to the continued existence of the dowry system. The argument was made that, besides the major aspects of modernization themselves, the concept of romantic love, as a byproduct of a largely western stimulated modernization process, has been damaging to the dowry system. However, to so speculate about the future effects of modernization in Cyprus only points to the necessity for social scientists to utilize the situations created in developing countries to further examine the relationships between modernization and social structures. 8. Gaulin, S. J., & Boster, J. S. (1990). Dowry as female competition. American Anthropologist, 92(4), 994-1005. Motivation and objective : The purpose of this paper is to prove that dowry as a reproductive tactic used by prospective brides and their kin to attract the wealthiest bridegroom. The authors attempt to explain not only the rarity of dowry, but also why it occurs in the societies it does. Methods and theories: The analysis of this paper’s topic will begin by considering the female-competition model. The female-competition model assumes that, in Homo sapiens as in other animals, the behaviors associated with pair formation can be interpreted as (possibly unconscious) reproductive tactics. The authors interpret the bias in marriage transactions as reflecting a bias in competition for marriage partners. Dowry is their dependent variable; the independent variables in the female-competition model are social stratification and marital form. They grouped the existing categories to create dichotomous variable. Main Findings: The female-competition model is correct; the authors would e xpect the largest dowry payments to flow from the middle class to the elite, as women in the middle tier compete for husbands in the highest 9. Rao, V. (1993). Dowry ‘inflation’ in rural India: A statistical investigation. Population Studies, 47(2), 283-293. Motivation and objective : The author of this paper look more directly at the causes of the increase of dowry (investigate the reasons behind the rise in the real value of dowries in rural India)and use unique data collected from a small sample of households by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). Methods and theories: The data used in this paper are from a random sample of 40 households, 30 cultivating and 10 laboring, per village, from six villages in three districts of rural South-Central India. The surveys were conducted by ICRISAT, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.15 The districts are Akola and Sholapur in Maharashtra state, and Mahbubnagar in Andhra Prades. A quadratic specification of dowry determinants is estimated. Correlations values between variables, OLS , and other statistical tools are being used. Main Findings: The empirical results support the hypothesis that the marriage squeeze has played a significant part in causing dowry ‘inflation’. The size of the dowry transfer also seems to be affected by hyper gamy, indicated by the difference in the amount of land owned by the parents of the respective spouses before the marriage. Due to the small size of the sample and the respondents’ lack of accuracy in reporting their ages at marriage, not much can be said about the impact of age or other potential determinants on the transfer. At the district level, however, the marriage squeeze does seem to matter in reducing differences in the ages at marriage of men and woman. 10. Teays, W. (1991). The burning bride: The dowry problem in India. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 29-52. Motivation and objective : The author consider the issue of dowry, its roots in custom and religious tradition, as well the ways in which the dowry system has become a dowry problem with daily dowry deaths, usually of young and often pregnant women. Main Findings: Females being devalued in the Hindu world. The internalization of that devaluation is evidenced by the numbers of mothers-in-law and sisters-in-law who actively participate in dowry murder. Marriage has become a commercial transaction complete with bargaining. Traditionally dowries were limited by convention and caste-social realities, but now the demands are out of control. â€Å"The growing trend of dowry murders only reflects the socio-economic crisis in India. 11. Zhang, J., & Chan, W. (1999). Dowry and Wife’s Welfare: A Theotrical and Empirical Analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 107(4), 786-808. Motivation and objective : This paper offers an alternative analysis. Where dowry are claimed to be not only increases the wealth of the new conjugal household but also enhances the bargaining power of the bride in the allocation of output within that household, thereby safeguarding her welfare. 2 hypotheses: Dowry increases the resources available to the bride’s new family; Dowry increases the bride bargaining position in the family, as well as her welfare. Methods and theories: This study uses data from the 1989 Taiwan Women and Family Survey,an island wide probability survey of women aged 25–60 years of all marital statuses and from different geographical locations. The female respondents provide socioeconomic information on their parents, their husbands, and themselves. An important feature of the data is that these women report transfers on dowries and bride prices related to their marriages. All these variables are then measured using statistical tools. Main Findings: The result supported the theoretical prediction that a dowry improves the wife’s welfare through both income and bargaining effects. The result also shows that a dowry is indeed a property under the wife’s control. Bride-price reduces the transaction cost involved in recovering the appropriate shares of marital output by each party, a dowry enhances the bride’s position in the household and safeguards her welfare. 12. Bishai, D., Falb, K. L., Pariyo, G., & Hindin, M. J. (2009). Bride price and sexual risk taking in Uganda. African journal of reproductive health, 13(1). Motivation and objective : This study assessed the relationship of bride price to sexual risk taking based on a large, population based survey. Methods and theories: Data were collected on bride prices for 592 married women in 12 districts in Uganda in 2001. Controlling for covariates, we found that having had a bride price significantly lowered the wife’s odds of sexual intercourse with a partner other than the spouse (OR= 0.222; 95% CI= 0.067, 0.737). Controlling for covariates, bride price increased the husband’s odds of non-spousal sexual intercourse (OR=1.489; 95% CI= 0.746, 2.972). Main Findings: Bride price payment is statistically significantly associated with lower rates of non-spousal sexual contact in women, but is  not, statistically significantly associated with higher rates in men 13. Dalmia, S., & Lawrence, P. G. (2005). The institution of dowry in India: Why it continues to prevail. The Journal of Developing Areas, 38(2), 71-93. Motivation and objective : This article empirically examines dowries in India and provides an institutional and economic rationale for the existence and continued prevalence of the system. Main Findings: Using data on marriage transactions and on the personal and family traits of marital partners the article demonstrates that payments of dowry serve to equalize the measurable differences in individual characteristics of the bride’s and groom’s and their respective households. Thus, dowry qualifies as the â€Å"price† paid for a â€Å"good match† in the marriage market. Results also reveal that the form of inheritance system, the residence of the bride after marriage, and the gender ratio of marriageable women to men have no effect on the incidence and size of dowry 14. Diamond†Smith, N., Luke, N., & McGarvey, S. (2008). ‘Too many girls, too much dowry’: son preference and daughter aversion in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Culture, health & sexuality, 10(7), 697-708. Motivation and objective : The southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu has experienced a dramatic decline in fertility, accompanied by a trend of increased son preference. This paper reports on findings from qualitative interviews with women in rural villages about their fertility decision-making which is due to the dowry rate. Main Findings: Findings suggest that daughter aversion, fuelled primarily by the perceived economic burden of daughters due to the proliferation of dowry, is playing a larger role in fertility decision-making than son preference. 15. Rozario, S. (2002). Grameen Bank-style microcredit: Impact on dowry and women’s solidarity. Development Bulletin, 57, 67-70. Motivation and objective : This article focuses on two specific problems connected with Grameen Bank-style microcredit in Bangladesh: its negative impact on women’s solidarity, and its consequences for the practice of dowry payments. Main Findings: Findings suggest that Unmarried women are not  accepted in the microcredit samities and so cannot receive loans. The argument is that they will get married and go away to their husbands’ village, then who will repay their loan? This denies any opportunity to marginal groups, like unmarried women and, of course, widows and abandoned women. Such policies also mean that unmarried women are made completely dependent financially on the mercy of their families. 16. Kazi Abdur Rouf, (2012) â€Å"A feminist interpretation of Grameen Bank Sixteen Decisions campaign†, Humanomics, Vol. 28 Iss: 4, pp.285 – 296. Motivation and objective : The purpose of this paper is to look at Grameen Bank (GB) Sixteen Decisions campaigns and its implications to feminism; and to examine the degree to which women borrowers of the Grameen Bank are empowered to participate in familial decision-making around dowry and teenage marriage and to develop their public spaces in the community. Moreover, the paper critically looks at the GB women borrowers’ development through the Sixteen Decisions Design/methodology/approach – The study uses multiple research methods. It reviews and analyzes GB Sixteen Decision texts and feminist literature, uses survey method to collect data from Grameen Bank micro borrowers in 2011 and uses secondary data. Main Findings : This study still finds the gender equality issues exist in the Grameen Bank Sixteen Decisions texts and the Sixteen Decisions campaign strategies for women borrowers’ empowerment especially due to the issue of dowry. Policy Recommendation: This critical analysis is very important to empower Grameen Bank women borrowers because the campaign should be made more effective in addressing women’s issues like dowry-less marriage. Grameen Bank should revise the Sixteen Decisions texts and support borrowers in their anti-dowry and anti-teen age marriage campaign in Bangladesh. 17. Tenhunen, S. (2008). The gift of money: rearticulating tradition and market economy in rural West Bengal. Modern Asian Studies, 42(5), 1035-1055. Motivation and objective : This article examines the rise of dowry system injanta, a West Bengali village in the Bankura district, where the dowry payments are a relatively new phenomenon. The oldest generation in Janta had experienced times when no demands for money or other gifts had been made during marriage arrangements, but since the 1950S huge dowry payments have become the central financial transactions in the region. In addition to oral history interviews on dowry  practices, the author draws from his research on the changes in caste, gender and class relationships in the village. Findings : The gift of money does not merely represent class and economic identities, rather, its intr oduction is connected to a reconstruction of gender and caste identities as well. The article demonstrates how the giving of money has influenced other categories of gifts, while the market logic has drawn from cultural considerations. Yet, money is not the only agent in the process; gifts are essentially about constructing social and cultural identities: the interconnected domains of gender, kinship, caste and class. The introduction of the monetary gift has made it possible to make connections and set a price on different aspects of personhood facilitating and intensifying the connections between different discourses on personhood. 18. Shenk, M. K. (2007). Dowry and public policy in contemporary India. Human Nature, 18(3), 242-263. Motivation and objective :. This paper argues that a functionalist perspective on dowry could lead to improved dowry policy, and that an approach based in human behavioral ecology (HBE) is uniquely suited to this task. Design/methodology/approach – The author develop a behavioral ecology model of Indian dowry and test it with quantitative and qualitative data Main Findings : The author conclude that if dowry legislation is to achieve broad support or bring about effective social change, it must address and support the positive motivations for and effects of dowry and take a targeted approach to dowry violence, which is not uniformly distributed across regions, castes, or social 19. Rao, V. P., & Rao, V. N. (1980). The dowry system in Indian marriages: attitudes, expectations and practices. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 99-113.. Motivation and objective :The study examined the students’ expectations of dowry for persons with different educational background, their attitudes and feelings about the dowry system, and the practices of dowry payments in immediate and kin families Design/methodology/approach – The questionnaire method was used to collect data from a sample of 585 college students from  India Main Findings The study revealed that the average dowry expectation were not consistent With the number of years of education but were in line with the prestige of education. Non-Hindus, metropolitan residents, high socioeconomic status students, and medical students expected higher dowry than their counterparts. The majority of the respondents considered dowry unimportant in settling a marriage and felt that the present dowry system should be discontinued. However, most of the respondents’ brothers received dowry while their families gave dowry to their sisters. The kin families also practiced dowry payment at the time of marriage. The students seemed equalitarian in terms of control over the dowry as most believed that both husband and wife should decide how to spend it. Inconsistency in the attitudes are also observed as three-fourths of the sample considered dowry unimportant in the settlement of a marriage but nearly one-third of the males and 40 per cent of their parents expected to receive dowry when the respondents got married. 20. Freed, R. S., & Freed, S. A. (1989). Beliefs and practices resulting in female deaths and fewer females than males in India. Population and Environment, 10(3), 144-161. Motivation and objective:. A preference for sons and the low status of females are implicated in the preponderance of males over females as reported in each census of India from the first one taken in the 19th century. A number of cultural practices, some of which are quite ancient, are involved in this such as sexual imbalance and dowry murder. This discussion is sees the determinants of female deaths in India. Design/methodology/approach – This discussion is based both on 19th and 20th century sources and on fieldwork conducted in the North Indian village of Shanti Nagar in 1958–59 and 1977–78. Findings : It is found that dowry act as one of the determinants that resulted in female deaths which is more commonly known as Dowry Murder Policy Recommendation: The modern Government of India has s ought to abolish dowry which would, presumably, put an end to dowry murder.

FMC Green River Essay

FMC Green River, one of the plants of FMC Corporation presently experiences dilemma regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire plant with respect to other plants of FMC Corporation specifically FMC Aberdeen. Despite of the many year of FMC Green River in operation, it has been overtaken by a much younger company-FMC Aberdeen in terms of profitability and operating cost reduction rate. FMC Green River and FMC Aberdeen have different management orientations and plant operations. But despite of these differences, FMC Green River still faces the problem of having inefficient plant operations relative to FMC Aberdeen. In this regard, Ken Daily, FMC Green River manager, decided to study the possibility of using some of the management principles that FMC Aberdeen has been using for the past years of its operations. Organizational and Behavioral Analysis After a critical analysis of the case, Bob Lancaster and his â€Å"unorthodox† way of managing people would be the primary reason why FMC Aberdeen has been experiencing high productivity and efficiency since its establishment. The extensive recruitment process of FMC Aberdeen secured the said plant with dedicated yet skilled workers and has passion over taking initiatives in making the entire plant more productive. On the other hand, FMC Green River has a very opposite orientation than of FMC Aberdeen. There is no sense of group effort and teamwork on the floors of FMC Green River plus having more workers on a job area even if a few numbers of workers can finish the same job at the same quality level. Furthermore, wages of FMC Green River is relatively higher relative to other FMC Corporation’s plants all over the United States. Combining this fact with the information that job areas in FMC Green River can be performed by less number of people seems to be the reason behind they are performing inefficiently. They said plant pays workers that are really not contributing to the entire company. Worker-management and worker-worker relationship is also of low level since working stations of every worker are located far from one another thereby causing a less interaction between every employee. Ken Daily, though he encourages interaction between the management and the employees, still, given the fact that the working stations of every worker are located far from one another would only make his management style of being interactive and open fail. It has been identified that the structure of the plants of FMC Green River is already old and must be renovated and structured in such a way that every workers can interact with each in order for the management style of Daily and FMC Aberdeen to work in FMC Green River. The lax recruitment process of FMC Green River also contributed for the low productivity of their production floors since not all of the workers of FMC Green River are skilled enough to assume responsibilities in the said plant. Alternatives One of the possible alternatives that Daily must implement would be to renovate the structure of FMC Green River’s plants in such a way that the workers will have enough chances of interacting with one another thereby creating an avenue towards the development of sense of teamwork and group effort to attain higher quality output for the company (Binkley, 2007). Another possible alternative that FMC Green River could implement would be to review the performances of every employee and provide sanctions to those that have negative performances. Even though these employees are being protected by the labor union, still, with the basis of not conforming to the standards of FMC Green River, the management can right away fire those employees with low performance and productivity. On the other hand, FMC Green River management must provide incentives to those employees that able to surpass the expectations of the management. This will motivate every employees of the said plant to perform productively. FMC Green River must provide a new set of schedules for the entire work force of the plant in such a way that there will be no worker that will be laid off and only the optimal number of workers will only report on a specific day depending on the urgency of the production line. Daily must reach out to his workers and employees to organizing company outings, picnics per department in order to establish a good working relation with the workers and at the same time earning their trust (Weber, 2007). A manager that approaches an ordinary worker will be appreciated by the latter and will boost the morale of every employees of the plant. The last but not the least alternative would be the provision of trainings and seminars for FMC Green River’s workers that would enhance not only their skills but also their outlook on performing their responsibilities in the company. With this, Ken Daily will be able to increase the productivity as well as the flexibility of his workers in performing their responsibilities to the company. Recommendation Among the above identified alternatives above, the most effective alternative would be the restructuring of FMC Green River’s plants in such a way that every workers will have a chance to interact with each other creating enough room for the development of teamwork and cooperation on every workers of FMC Green River. This will increase the productivity of the workers and at the same time the productivity of the plants. If this will become successful, it would be now easy for Daily to approach his workers and make bond as well as to earn their trust and this solution will also boost the morale of every workers of FMC Green River (Levit, 2002). Implementation and Contingency Plan The renovation of various plants will take one at a time in order not to affect the operation of the entire company. After this, Daily is expected to launch some activities, as a â€Å"mood starter†, of the interactions of every worker on their new working stations after the renovation process. A few months after this, Daily can now launch activities that would enhance the interaction of employees from various departments and then from various plant to widen the range of interaction in FMC Green River. If this solution will not work, then the restructuring of workers schedule in such a way that all of the workers will still remain in the company yet the optimal number of workers are the ones that will report on a given day in order to minimize their operational cost and increase the productivity of the entire company.

A Philosophical Approach To Animal Rights Philosophy Essay

A Philosophical Approach To Animal Rights Philosophy Essay Rights are certain codes of freedom or some sort of allowed medians based on certain legal system or ethical theories. Every organism born with some rights, it is the society or the system which understands and allocates these norms to that particular individual and also does the grading among the living beings. This paper is mainly concern with the animal’s rights, their legal position in our society and also their autonomy. Human being is by nature a selfish being and if we look through the window of history, man has been using animals for their benefits without caring about their rights and freedom. From very beginning human and animals are in close interactions with each other, human use them as food, make them to do their work, use them for decoration purpose, use them as watch man, use their lather and also use them for experimentation. In spite of hundreds of benefits which animals provide to human, human do no or less care about their rights and legal position and is busy in harming animals and violating legal norms which should be given to these animals. Non-human animals should be given rights and protection in the society and there should be a governing body which should govern and implements these rights and norms. It is a fact that animals are an important component of a country economy, the use of animals is a bit compulsory nowadays. Many industries such as lather industries, diary industries, pharmaceutical industries, food industries, and textile industries all rest on animals and their products. I have no objection regarding the use of animals but this use should be justified and limited and if the use is experimentation then the 3Rs Principlesshould be followed, which are Reduction, Refinement and Replacement. By reduction he means that reduce the number of animals used, if you are using 100, use 50. Similarly by refinement he means that refine your method so that less or no harm is given, by replacement he means that replace higher a nimals by lower animals or animals by computer models. There is a difference between use and cruelty, use and harm, it is clear that their use cannot be avoided but what can be done is to follow certain rules and guidelines regarding their use. These rules should be provided by an ethical committee and implemented by government. This paper will give you an idea about the thinking of various philosophers and great persons regarding animal rights from the very beginning till date. Ancient world and Animals: Human dominancy has been reported in â€Å"Genesis† which quotes that Adam was told to be dominated over fishes, creatures of winds and all creeping creatures, keeping this in mind man had violated animal rights for centuries and centuries. But in fact the quote does not mean that human should be cruel to animals; it only represents supremacy of humans over other creatures. On the other hand certain people believe that they are inferior to human because they lack rationality and language. These two reasons were considered as a right to use animals as food, clothing, for entertainment and as research subject.

Economic System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic System - Essay Example For encouraging growth and prosperity, it is deemed significant to understand that funding alone could not be the sole savior for a newly industrialized economy. (Wallace, 1992) There needs to be proper micro credit and financial system in place so that the newly industrialized economy can get back on its feet in the wake of missing funding mechanisms. This indeed is the order of the day when it comes to the developing nations which are doing their best to turn the tide that is bent to be against them. In an economic zone, globalization plays a significant role at increasing trade on an international front which as compared to the global economy, is much faster and ahead of its time. Furthermore, we can predict an increase in the flow of capital that has been coming from the global regimes which might include for the foreign direct investment as being one part of it. Then there are the agreements which are signed on a global scale that eventually lead to world bodies like WTO, IMF and others. Global financial systems also come to light as their developmental work gets thumbs up. International transactions speed up as the world bodies like WTO, WIPO, IMF and the like play their role in a more coherent and active manner. Economic practices like global sourcing or outsourcing as we know of it, off-shoring and others increase courtesy the multinational concerns. In a changing capitalistic business environment which is spread all over the world, IMF has sustained itself on the principl es of removing poverty right from the deep root levels. What this means is that the motto of IMF is to understand the psyche of the rich nations and to adopt policies which would make the poor and under-privileged member states to get back on their feet or to make them stand at a position from where they can reach ascendancy. This will harness their hidden strengths and provide avenues of strength so that problems could be brought to a halt at the earliest. IMF finds out the mechanisms through which these problems could be detected and then tries to ascertain the exact basis under which problems do arise. (Hughes, 2002) What this gives IMF is a pathway to block the way for the troubles that come in the way of the member states and also present a destination where these countries have to reach at a certain point in time within the future. The aspect of removing poverty from the member nations' economies is an interesting aspect since IMF has to take care of the profits and incentives of the rich nations as well whilst providing benefits to the already down-trodden nations. The international economic relations between different states and countries has promoted as well as saved the varied interests of the nations when it comes to the relevant discussion regarding the economic diplomacy. The superpowers of the world are focusing their attention on the well being of their respective economies whereby the production levels in these countries in relation to different goods and the provision of services has increased and got better in the years that have passed by. There is so much competition that a nation cannot stay at a place for a considerable period of time and it needs to evolve and change its direction every now and then. Economic diplomacy ensures that the countries remain on their toes to the ever changing market conditions and remain

Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

1 - Assignment Example The double entry system identifies and records all the accounting transactions. Measurement of accounting information involves making subjective judgment about the value of assets or liabilities relating to a business. It also involves measurement of profits or losses made in an accounting period. Accountants also record accounting data which is presented as economic information to users. It is referred to as economic information since it relates to the economic or financial activities of a business. The main financial statements that accountants prepare are the income statement, balance sheet and the cash flow statements (Warren et al, 2008). The balance sheet indicates the resources owned and owed by a business at a particular point in time. It also shows the investments made by the business and the sources of these investments. The income statement shows the profitability of a business while cash flow statement reflects the cash movement in and out of business. The preparation of all financial statements require the accounting professionals to apply all the set accounting processes to the latter in order to ensure relevance, reliability and understandability of the financial statements by the users. This is an indication that too much value of the accounting process is exercised by professionals in the identification, measuring, recording and communication of economic events. Q1. ... For example, Australia has adopted International Accounting Standards (IAS) to oversee accounting regulation in the country. The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) in the same country also identifies those priority issues in need of regulation. The following are the reason as to why regulation of the Preparation and presentation of accounting information is necessary in an organization. a) Accountability Accountability is one reason behind accounting regulation. It is based on the fact that the citizens and the stakeholders have the right to know. Financial information presented by accountants enables a business to be accountable. This is because the actions and activities of the business are produced in the reports. Information may be communicated through management reports, annual reports and accounts (Birt and Boland, 2010). Users need the information to make decisions. They get information on the financial position of the business and on its performance. Users of financial informa tion include governments, lenders, employees, shareholders and society at large. b) Transparency and Disclosure Transparency and disclosure of financial statements helps in preventing and detecting errors and fraud (Lee, 2007). Therefore, through preparation and preparation of financial statement errors and frauds can be detected. An auditor through tests can detect any errors or fraud and reflect them in the audit reports. Disclosure in financial statements must include the financial position like the balance sheet, performance like income statement and compliance like the notes to accounts. Investors can only provide funds for any investment in a company if they quite confident of ‘true’ and ‘fair’ presentation of financial statements. Transparency and

Pastoral Epistles Authorship Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pastoral Epistles Authorship - Term Paper Example In the book of ACTS of Apostles we learn about how Paul was converted to an individual believing in Jesus Christ. In the ACTS he is portrayed as a cruel man who persecuted and killed those who believed in Jesus Christ. In the Acts of the Apostles the speeches of the apostles seem to advocate for Christianity as a religion for every human being. Paul in particular says that salvation was not meant for the Jews but also for the Gentiles (Harrington, 2008). The apostles talked of the Holy Spirit and how he guided most of them during trials before roman authorities and while preaching. In reference to Towner (2009), the apostles were categorical about prayers and insisted on prayers as a way to reach the father through His son Jesus Christ. It is especially important to note that Paul spoke about oppression of the weak and marginalized in the society .we draw that Paul passed a clear message that as much as Christianity was universal everyone deserves a better treatment (Towner, 2009). It is because of Pauls faith that he was imprisoned by the Romans. Paul bore witness to Jesus Christ of whom the Jewish authorities refused to accept as the promised messiah. He was deeply concerned with the manner in which the Christians conducted themselves and the qualifications an individual had to posses in assuming any leadership position in the early church (Liefed, 1999). It was difficult for new convert to stand firm and deep rooted into Christianity. Paul had to guide them all the way. It is here that the Pastoral Epistles came about. Liefed (1999) asserts that when Paul was released by the Romans he travelled to Asia Minor. He passed through Ephesus and Crete. It is in these places that he left Timothy and Titus to be pastor’s respectively. Paul was concerned about the organization of the church. This portrays him as a person who upheld order (Harrington, 2008). From both

The Use of Animal By-products for Human Medicine Term Paper

The Use of Animal By-products for Human Medicine - Term Paper Example ill provide a background of the medical field and will be divided into two parts: the historical and culturally based background, and the prevailing contexts of the general utility of animal-based medicinal products. In the second section, I will discuss the legal and politico-economic dimensions of animal-based products, crucial in the preparation of medicines, with reference to economical, ecological, sanitary and cultural contexts. I will finally end the paper with a conclusive discussion of the future of animal-based products, with regard to the prevailing nature of their extraction and availability, as well as global viability and large-scale application. Here I will delve on why there is a need for consideration, with regard to the sustainable future utility of these products, in the growing global populations. Historical and Cultural Background Animals, as well as animal-derived products, from various parts of their bodies or organs, have through history, constituted an increa singly growing segment of medical substances’ general inventory. Their utility as sources of varying medicines is traceable to early historical times, as showcased through various cultural utilities, with this still being practiced in the field of herbal medicine. Through the aforementioned zoo-therapy, various ailments afflicting man, continue being treated and hence the importance of this form of medication to many populations. Human culture, individually/ uniquely and wholesomely, provides for a structured medical system, which utilizes different animal species, for various medicinal purposes (Costa-Neto and Eraldo 33). Amongst the myriad of therapeutic medical practices carried out within the larger global arena, zoo-therapy constitutes a vital alternative. Cultural and Historical... The paper will be organized into two main sections, which will further display the prevailing contexts influencing the need of anima-based products for human medicine. The first section will provide a background of the medical field and will be divided into two parts: the historical and culturally based background, and the prevailing contexts of the general utility of animal-based medicinal products. In the second section, the author will discuss the legal and politico-economic dimensions of animal-based products, crucial in the preparation of medicines, with reference to economical, ecological, sanitary and cultural contexts. The author will finally end the paper with a conclusive discussion of the future of animal-based products, with regard to the prevailing nature of their extraction and availability, as well as global viability and large-scale application. Here the author will delve on why there is a need for consideration, with regard to the sustainable future utility of these products, in the growing global populations. This paper makes a conclusion that with an increase in the monetary value of animals procured, with the both political and socio-economic can be either positive or negative. Positive if there is greater regulation and conservancy, with the latter resulting from increased poaching and clandestine procurement of animal species. Animal, as well as plant-based medicines, through increased utility in contemporary contexts, provide for a case study of how both western and traditional forms of medication can be incorporated into the overall human health and medical development.

A Christmas Memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Christmas Memory - Essay Example The adventures they went through were actually unlikely due to the wide gap in their ages. It could actually be said that it was commendable on the part of Sook, who, as a senior citizen, was still feeling so much young at heart. Her passion in making and flying kites could very well be extraordinary for an old female individual. For Buddy, as the narrator, the experiences were his memories of Sook, more than her cousin, friend, a guardian, who supported his every needs, provided the impetus for his remarkable memory and adoration for this woman. Due to the need to pursue his education, he was eventually separated from Sook, but his thoughts never left her. Each and every Christmas of his life is thereby dedicated in memory of his last Christmas spent with Sook, despite the simplicity and lack of grandeur in celebrating the festivities; it still was his perfect Christmas memory. The rationale is the pure love and affection that was shared between them. There was a sense of reliance and dependability to each other. Whatever was lacking in one, was provided by the other. Buddy knew from this heart that the last Christmas spent with Sook would always be cherished and would never be forgotten for the simple reason that the love and happiness shared between them could never be surpassed nor replaced by anyone els e, ever. When we were made to experience being blindfolded and let by someone to go places in school, the experience was actually terrifying. There was a mixture of fear, anxiety, confusion, and a little bit of relief that someone I know was actually leading me. There was fear because of being subjected to the unknown. By being blindfolded, one was not allowed to use the sense of sight which is a very important element in creating a sense of security. Anxiety was felt due to the feeling that I would like to know until when will I be blindfolded and led and be fully depended on the assistance of a friend. I was also confused

Public Relations Techniques and Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public Relations Techniques and Cases - Essay Example A case study is a preferred strategy when ‘how’ or ‘why questions are being posed when the researcher has little control over events. The focus is always on contemporary phenomena within some real world context (Center et al., 2008). The researcher is enabled to research on real life events that cannot be controlled in the laboratory setting (Yin, 1994).The case study should use multiple evidence sources to increase validity (Jaques, 2008). The case study below highlighted the communication activities in the first phase of Phare and took an in-depth look at the model communication program developed in November 1997. The model was developed by Brussels-based public affairs consultancy to be used by the EU delegation to the 10 EU member countries. The model can apply to many other economic and political situations and cultural variables of a country. It emphasizes on one-on –one communication rather than involving the mass media. In the first years of operation from 1989-1994, the Phare program provided expertise to the member countries from a wide range of organizations ranging from non-commercial, public and even private. It acted as a multiplier by stimulating investments and responding to needs that cannot be met by other organizations. Phare also acted as a powerful catalyst for unlocking funds from other donors studies, guarantee schemes, and credit lines. It gives priority to the development of the private sector, restructuring of state enterprise and environment protection.

Mid Term - Choice of 2 topics Pick one Research Paper

Mid Term - Choice of 2 topics Pick one - Research Paper Example According to the United States Department of State Publication, Bureau of Counterterrorism (hereinafter the report), a state is designated as a state sponsor of terrorism if the Secretary of State is satisfied that the â€Å"government of such country has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism†.1 Upon being designated a state sponsor of terrorism, the country will not be delisted until it satisfies the statutory requirements for delisting. In the meantime, the state will be liable to a number of sanctions including â€Å"a ban on arms-related exports and sales†, â€Å"control over exports and sales† that â€Å"could significantly enhances the terrorist-list country’s military capability or ability to support terrorism†, a ban on â€Å"economic assistance† and or the â€Å"imposition of miscellaneous financial and other restrictions†.2 The report goes on to list states that have designated as state sponsors of terrorism and the reasons for those listing. Cuba is the first country on the list and was designated a state sponsor of terrorism since 1982. The listing is based on the contention that terrorist factions are residing in Cuba. In particular, both existing and previous â€Å"members of Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)† live in Cuba.3 It is also believed that one of three persons believed to be members of ETA who were deported to Cuba after attempted to set sail from Cuba is wanted by Spanish authorities and is also suspected of being associated with the Revolutionary Forces of Colombia (FARC). The Cuban government, while not actively involved in supporting ETA members has been known to provide medical and political support to FARC.4 The Report also alleges that Cuba’s government has persistently allowed persons wanted in the U.S. to live in Cuba and in doing so has given welfare and medical assistance to those fugitives. It has also been determined by the Financial Action Task

Care provided to victims Essay Example for Free

Care provided to victims Essay Crisis intervention is care provided to victims of a crisis to help them adapt to the new challenges facing them. It is an urgent action taken to assist people overcome trauma resulting from a crisis. A crisis results from disruption of life, as we are accustomed. These disruptions present huge challenges to victims. In response they exhibit different characteristics. While change is constant in society, it presents challenges some of which resolve themselves out and others that require professional help. A crisis intervention center takes care of those who, when faced by these challenges, become disoriented and unstable. (Aguilera, Donna, C, 1998) The crisis facing Danville residents include anxiety, suicidal thoughts and trauma from domestic violence and crime. These problems are precipitated by rampant unemployment due to closure of some firms. The crisis intervention center will assist the community to overcome these challenges. It will have three main objections namely containing the spread of the crisis, controlling the resultant trauma of the crisis and try as much to help the residents adjust to the new challenges. To meet the needs of the residents better the center will be located in poor neighborhoods where the majority of these problems occur. It will operate round the clock in order to offer timely services whenever needed. The center will act promptly when our client is in need. We will take under our care victims of domestic violence or crime and counsel them to overcome their traumatic experience. We will assist to heal the emotional wounds acquired from their experiences. The main aim here will be to stop our clients from taking drastic actions with very negative consequences. Victims of violent acts are most vulnerable immediately after the horrific experience. They cannot think clearly and might take fatal measures. We will reassure encourage them to be more positive. At the crisis intervention center, we will offer residents advice on how to avoid the occurrence of such a problem in the first place. We will identify groups in society that are predisposed to domestic violence, eviction harassment and crime and try to lead them from such activities. We will encourage the vulnerable individuals to take action to avoid such problems when still early rather than wait till its too late The center will also provide clients continued counseling through the recovery period. Our aim is to as much as possible return the clients to the state they were in before the crisis occurred. We will offer them an opportunity to speak out confidentially about their experiences, and their feelings or reactions to the experience. We listen to their problems keenly and offer advice that would help them come to terms with the whole experience. We will organize support groups among the clients so that they can share and reinforce each other. We will also help the victims to move on after their traumatic experience. We will carry out follow up services to ensure full recovery. We will assist them to rebuild their lives providing the necessary encouragement and advice. We will help them to come up with workable solutions that would help them make necessary adjustments in life. We will not force decisions on them rather we will provide an enabling environment. Together we will develop solutions that stop the reoccurrence of the same problem. We will present the victims with the various options facing them and the consequences of each decision. This way they make informed choices. (Flannery, Raymond, et al,2000) Most of the residents who will come to our center will have other problems that are beyond our services. Such cases will be referred to the relevant institutions. Clients with physical injuries will be treated at the local hospital as we offer our services alongside. Those with mental instabilities will be referred to the mental health center for psychiatric help. Those with drug addictions will be referred to agencies that offer detoxification services such as the local Alcohol Anonymous for alcoholics. The center will coordinate with these agencies to provide an all round service. The center will rely on both professional staff and volunteers. Volunteers will be highly welcome due to cost constraints. We will encourage the local community especially past beneficiaries of the center to volunteer. Those who have been through the center will be more willing and optimistic to replicate their recovery on other members of society. We will also appeal to the Danville community to make donations to the center. The community should identify with the center and work for its success. In selecting staff, the center will look for individuals who are open minded and non-judgmental. These should be individuals who believe in the ability of others to change. They must enjoy working with people without any biases along class or race. They must be empathetic to the client’s predicament and possess a never give up attitude. For the professional staff, they need to have academic and professional qualifications from recognizable institutions. They should also be registered with the relevant professional bodies. Reporting skills and some legal knowledge will also be of much relevant. The center will regularly train its staff together with the volunteers. The training will focus on building counseling abilities and skills. We will train them on how to build and maintain client’s trust. Counseling can only take place in if there is enough trust and confidentiality. We also train them how to assist a client to open up listening keenly, non-judgmental attitude, and by softly prodding them. They should also keep reassuring the client. (mentalhealth. samhsa. gov) Offering counseling service is very strenuous and energy sapping work. It can also be very frustrating and heart breaking. Staff members become exhausted and loose motivation. They will face constant pressure as they try to solve clients’ problems. They put in long hours and this hurts their ability to play their other roles in life. Some of the patients may turn abusive while others may keep to their old ways no matter how had the social worker tries. The workers may feel that their effort and sacrifice is not fully appreciated or recognized. All these factors cause burnout. Burnout is a state frustration, loss of hope and a sense of failure. They feel that they cannot take it anymore and will have to quit. The center will put in place measures for the workers avoid or cope with the burnout. It will provide a mentorship program for the staff. The workers will be encouraged to form groups that provide a forum to share experiences and frustrations. We will also encourage them to eat well and engage in leisure activities. The management will also advise them to set their boundaries with their clients. The management will also improve on the work environment while showing appreciation for work well done. (Penson, Richard, T, et al, 2000) References National Mental Health Information Center. Training Manual for Mental Health and Human Services Worker in Major Disasters. Retrieved on18/10/07 from http://mentalhealth. samhsa. gov/publications/allpubs/ADM90-538/tmsection7. asp Flannery, Raymond, B. and Everly, George, S, 2000. Crisis Intervention: A Review. Continuing Education. Retrieved on 10/18/07 from http://www. icisf. org/articles/Acrobat%20Documents/TerrorismIncident/CrsIntRev. pdf Richard T. Penson, Fiona L. Dignan, George P. Canellos, Carol L. Picard, Thomas J. Lynch, Jr. 2000. Burnout: Caring for the Caregivers. The Oncologist, vol5. No5. Retrieved on 10/18/07 from http://theoncologist. alphamedpress. org/cgi/content/full/5/5/425 Aguilera, Donna C, 1998. Crisis Intervention: Theory and Methodology. New York: Mosby, 8ed

Write a Summary of 350-700 Words Identifying Essay Example for Free

Write a Summary of 350-700 Words Identifying Essay For Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, our personality is rooted in the dynamics of our unconscious; all the ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are normally unaware. Freud identified sexual and aggressive instincts as the primary unconscious drives that determine human behavior. According to Freud, personality is made of three structures: the id, the only personality structure present at birth, operates in the unconscious according to the pleasure principle, meaning it tries to obtain immediate pleasure and avoid pain. The ego, the id’s link to the real world, controls all conscious thinking and reasoning activities and operates according to the reality principle. It tries to delay satisfying the id’s desires until it can do so safely and effectively in the real world. The superego acts as the person’s moral guardian or conscience and helps the person function in society (Morris, G. , Maisto, A. , 2002). It also compares the ego’s actions with an ego ideal of perfection. In Freud’s view, when the ego is unable to control impulses from the id in a way that is acceptable to the superego, it experiences anxiety and may resort to using defense mechanisms to reduce the discomfort caused by the anxiety. Carl Jung believed that the unconscious consists of two distinct components: the personal unconscious, which contains an individual’s repressed thoughts, forgotten experiences, and undeveloped ideas; and the collective unconscious, a subterranean river of memories and behavior patterns flowing to us from previous generations. Jung also believed that people generally exhibit one of two attitudes toward the world: Extroverts are interested in other people and the world at large, whereas introverts are more concerned with their own private worlds (Morris, G. , Maisto, A. , 2002). Jung further divided people into rational individuals, who regulate their behavior by thinking and feeling, and irrational individuals, who base their actions on perceptions. For Carl Rogers, people develop their personalities in the service of positive goals. The biological push to become whatever it is that we are capable of becoming is called the actualizing tendency. In addition to trying to realize our biological potential, we attempt to fulfill our conscious sense of who we are, which Rogers called the self-actualizing tendency (Morris, G. , Maisto, A. , 2002). A fully functioning person is someone whose self-concept closely matches his or her inborn capabilities. Fully functioning people were usually raised with unconditional positive regard, or the experience of being valued by other people regardless of their emotions, attitudes, and behaviors.

Mappes Theories of Sexual Morality

Mappes Theories of Sexual Morality Some feminists have been accused of providing a negative view of sex, suggesting that all sex is rape and that males are the negative gender. Yet, what Dworkin and MacKinnon were really talking about was that the difference been consensual sex and rape is one of degree and not of kind (Kinloch Grebowicz 2004). In other words, the same sex act occurs in rape or consensual relationships, and sometimes it is difficult to tell when a rape has occurred or the sex was desired. When examining sex, there are many points of view. Thomas A. Mappes writes about the idea of using another person for sexual gratification. Are people really being used? What is coercive and what is consensual? These questions loom when one examines the subject of sex. Mappes begins a piece entitled Sexual Morality and the Concept of Using Another Person with the notion that if in fact the nonmarital sex is not immoral, and that sex without love is not immoral either, then it stands to reason that there are no substantive moral restrictions on any acts of sex. This is a different concept to fathom. It would mean that an anything goes attitude would prevail and that orgies in the street would be permissible much like animals gather to mate. Yet, the reality is that human beings are modest. They hide their sex lives from their acquaintances. Some engage in relationships behind closed doors like Jesse James and Tiger Woods, but even when such clandestine affairs are out in the open, individuals explain it away as an addiction. It is difficult to pinpoint exactly what sexual morality is. Mappes employs Kantian ethics to make his points, noting that it is wrong to use A to get to point B if in fact the only reason to use A is to get to that B position. In other words, a man may date a woman and have sexual intercourse with her and derive satisfaction. Yet, the sex act should take place in the context of love, for example, and not just to derive pleasure. If however the man uses the woman to get from point A to point B and for his own uses alone, then he is using her. He talks about voluntary informed consent however (Mappes). When Mappes talks about using another person, he does not imply that the use is immoral. It merely exists. When lying is involved, then the sexual act is deceptive (Mappes). Depending on the circumstances, holding back information may be considered a form of deception (Mappes). One can imagine that if a woman is dating a man and does not know that the man is married, then she is being duped. Consent is tricky however. Someone may be used by another but both individuals really know what is going on. The rape victim who is forced at knife point is obviously someone who is not consenting to sex (Mappes). That is coerced. However, someone who consents to sex under unusual circumstances, is not necessary being forced, even if there is some coercion or unsavory expectations in the mix. It seems as if coercion and deception are important elements when it comes to using another human being sexually (Mappes). The author concludes that using another person can only occur when someone either deceives, coerces, or takes advantage of someones desperate situation (Mappes). Many things enter the picture. Is there a threat involved, or an offer? In other words, is there coercion? An example is that in the film Indecent Proposal, a rich man offers a needy couple one million dollars for one night of sex. When they agree, their lives change. The wife does not realize how difficult living will be after essentially prostituting herself. There was no coercion. She was lured into it, but arguably she was used because a very rich man would take advantage of a poor couple. One can use the same logic to explain why women become prostitutes. Many say they are just paying the bills. Yet, one has to wonder if the situation is truly one where there is coercion or an exercise of free will. A similar storyline to Indecent Proposal comes from a recent episode of Gossip Girl where in an intricate plot; Blair is willing to sleep with her boyfriends cousin in order to win an empire back. She does it for the boyfriend, but in the end, it appears that she has not done the right thing. She was tricked into giving herself to someone she despises in order to change her circumstances. How does one know what an offer is really a threat? What question might be asked to determine whether a statement is an offer or a threat? One may ask what the outcome would be if one says yes or no. In the case of the film or television program mentioned, the outcome would result in a reduced amount of money and worldly goods. No harm would come to either woman or man. Yet, if the outcome would be loss of life or torture or something along those lines, then the offer would be construed as a threat. Coercion thus is not always equated with a threat. The author makes the point at the end that using another person occurs only when someone either deceives, coerces, or takes advantage of someones desperate situation (Mappes, 2007). This is true in that in all of these instances, one may use another sexually, but there are other situations where one may be used. For example, someone may enter into a relationship where a man is rather superficial. Perhaps he has narcissistic personality disorder and cannot love anyone in a deep sense. A woman enters a relationship with him and adores him. She does not realize he cannot love to the depths that she can. She falls in love with him but the problem is that he really cannot love her back. They have sex and she feels close to him, but he does not feel the same way even though he says I love you. He is not lying. For him, he loves her, but it is not in the same way she loves him. When he breaks up with her because he is bored of the relationship, and then starts a sexual relationship with a y ounger, more attractive woman, the woman who was dumped feels used. In respect to Mappes position, the author makes a good case, but there may be times when a coercive offer is part of the equation and there is an obvious use of another, or when there is no explicit sense of using another, someone will feel used. In the case of the narcissist, is the significant other really being used? Much depends on the mind of the reader. There is no coercive offer. If the woman feels used, that does not mean she was. There was no coercion or threat, so on some level, this case that appears to oppose the author really helps to support his point.

Gangliosidosis: A Brief Review Of Associated Neuropathology Essay

Gangliosidosis: A Brief Review Of Associated Neuropathology Gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease which affects primarily the nervous system. This disease is the result of an autosomal recessive mutation which causes a lack or deficiency of an enzyme important in the metabolism of gangliosides. This deficient enzyme can vary depending on the type of mutation present causing either GM1 or GM2 gangliosidosis. Each of these will be discussed later, although the overall effects are similar. Increased amounts of gangliosides inside neurons leads to, often lethal, neurodegenerative disorders. TAY- SACHS One of the more common of these disorders is known as Tay--Sachs. Bernard Sachs was the first to describe the cellular morphological features of this disease, "distended cytoplasm of the neurons and ballooning of their dendrites". Later, in the 1930’s, the term ganglioside was used to describe the accumulating material in the neurons which was characteristic of the disease. Tay-Sachs is an infantile form of GM2 gangliosidosis most often found in Ashkenazi Jews. The rate of this disease is almost ten times higher in this population than in most others. Genetically, Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is caused by a mutation at the alpha subunit locus. In Ashkenazi Jews the mutation is primarily found in two forms. The first is a 4 base pair insertion into exon 11, the other is a G-to-C transversion mutation in the intron 12 splice site. A separate mutation has been found in the Moroccan Jews, the deletion of a phenylalanine codon in the alpha subunit sequence. Recently, other mutations have been identified in these and other populations. In all cases, these mutations impair the alpha subunit of beta hexosaminidase A resulting... ...8. Drucker, L."Identification and Rapid Detection of Three Tay--Sachs Mutations in the Moroccan Jew Population." Am. J. Human Genetics. 1992; 51: 371-77. Fredrico, A. "The Clinical Aspect of Adult Hexosaminidase Deficiencies." Developmental Neuroscience. 1991; 13: 280-287 Fukumizu, M. "Tay-Sachs Disease: Progression of Changes on Neuroimaging in Four Cases." Neuroradiology. 1992; 34: 483-486. Gravel, R.A. "Biochemistry and Genetics of Tay-Sachs Disease." The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 1991; 18: 419-423. Maia, Maria. "Juvenile GM2 Variant B1: Clinical and Biochemical Study in Seven Patients." Neuropediatrics. 1990; 21: 18-23. Specola, N. "The Juvenile and Chronic Forms of GM2 Gangliosidosis." Neurology. 1990; 40: 145-150. Suzuki, K. "Neuropathology of Late Onset Gangliosidosis." Developmental Neuroscience. 1991;13: 205-10.

St. Augustine Essay -- essays research papers

Saint Augustine of Hippo Theologians, Biblical scholars and Christians all over the world often wrestle with two extremely important questions about their faith. These questions are, "What is God like?" and "How should we live in response to God?" Some feel that we need others to direct us, some feel we need them to challenge us, but everyone agrees that we need others. That is exactly how Saint Augustine struggles to find his faith and beliefs. He found it extremely difficult to come with a conclusion when it was staring at him straight in the face, but just as he did, we draw up our own conclusions with the guidance of others. Saint Augustine, born Aurelis Augustinus, was an influential and great philosopher and theologian of early times. He was considered the most important of the Latin Church Fathers. His writings of sermons gained fame, notably Confessions and his Treatise City of God. Through his work he helped distinguish the church in Western Europe from the church that it had reformed elsewhere. Saint Augustine was born on November 13, 354 AD in Tagaste, Numidia (modern-day Nigeria). His father, Patricius was a pagan and his mother, Monica was a devoted Christian who prayed untiringly for her son’s conversion to become a Christian herself. His mother later became officially declared by the Roman Catholic Church and became a saint as well. Due to his parents mixed beliefs, St. Augustine questioned both sides of re...

Essay --

In â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† Huck and Jim both endure many hardships, and they struggle daily in search of their freedom. Huck is a young free spirited boy that loves adventure and lacks the necessity of civilization; his partner in crime is Jim, a runaway slave. As Huck and Jim float down the Mississippi River they are faced with an overwhelming amount of difficult situations and circumstances. Some of the struggles that Huck and Jim experience are slavery, society, civilization, nature, and villainess behavior. Huck also has many moments where he is at unease with his conscience, and often wonders if the decisions that he is making are made with the right intentions. While Huck and Jim are on the search for their freedom, the two grow stronger as individuals and as friends. Although, Huck and Jim face conflict in the novel, the novel itself has many conflicts with society too. Many may say it is racist, while others argue that because of Huck’s chara cter the novel is â€Å"coarse.† Throughout my paper, I will discuss and analyze Huck and Jim’s struggles, and the struggles in which the novel may face on its own. Throughout, the novel you begin to realize that every time Huck or Jim go ashore, they end up in trouble. Despite their troubled times ashore, they also encounter difficulties on the river as well. For example, the flooded river makes navigating the river challenging, The Walter Scott almost cost Huck and Jim their lives, the fog causes them to miss to Ohio River, and the two villainous cons forced Huck to be involved in their malicious schemes. Huck and Jim begin realizing they are not completely free from the evil influences of the towns along the river’s banks. Regardless of the rivers challenges, it still of... ...reedom. They battled against Mother Nature, evil villains, and society, but in the end they conquered them all. Regardless of society’s ways like, religion and slavery Huck and Jim made their own perceptions on life. Huck and Jim fought to ensure their freedom, and it made them stronger as individuals and closer as friends. Also, I would like to point out that conflict between right and wrong exists within all of humanity; it is something that we cannot escape no matter how hard we try. What matters is that we remain true to who we are and our values. Many of the decision that Huck made were made from his heart; he didn’t let society change the person that he wanted to become. Huck is a strong character and so is this novel. I enjoyed it from the beginning and would say that anyone who criticizes this novel is overlooking what this novel is truly about, â€Å"by and by.†

Lucy Honeychurch: Motifs, Themes, Biography, Plot

â€Å"A Room with a View†, by Edward Morgan Forster, presents the story of Lucy Honeychurch, a young woman belonging to English high society. Forster places this young maiden in a state of conflict between the snobbery of her class: the â€Å"suitable and traditional† views and advice offered by various family members and friends, and her true heart’s desire. This conflict â€Å"forces† Lucy Honeychurch to choose between convention and passion and throws her into a state of internal struggle, as she must sift through the elements of her social conditioning and discern them from her true emotions and desires [Ford]. Forster develops and utilizes Lucy’s internal struggle as a means of transforming her from a pretty young woman, to a subtle heroine. Lucy Honeychurch is introduced to the reader as a somewhat pretty young woman, obviously ignorant to the ways of the world, who is being chaperoned by her cousin, Charlotte Bartlett, while vacationing in Italy. Numerous conversations over matters of dress, the acceptability of various pieces of furniture, and other vacations, suggest the snobbish nature of both Lucy and Charlotte. Relevant materials: Maru Themes In fact, matters of convention encompass Lucy’s life until George Emerson’s â€Å"caddish,’ yet passionate, display of affection takes over. Lucy and Charlotte are both very alike because they hold true the values of upper class English society. Lucy constantly struggles with how she is supposed to act, think, or even associate herself with: most conflictingly George Emerson, a railroad worker of the lower class (Ford). Their union is forbidden by Miss Bartlett by telling Lucy that he is a socialist, that she shouldn’t associate herself with him and just overall patronizing George excessively. Charlotte and Lucy also share the same renouncement of words when they are talking to people to seem more polite. At the beginning of the novel, Lucy is feebly trying to fit in with the members of the upper class by living by certain class values and rules of propriety but they all don’t form her with any opinion or route of action. By the end of the novel, she has formed her own thoughts, opinions, and actions and takes full control of her fate and breaks it off with Cecil to marry George, her true love. Lucy also encounters muddles, as pointed out by Mr. Emerson, which she realizes and fixes by the end of the novel. She wasn’t following her own heart and thoughts, but making decisions based on the wants of her social class, not her own. Lucy Honeychurch makes a dramatic transformation throughout the novel form a sweet, naive heroine to a strong, independent woman (Schwarz). In the novel the best representation of class snobbery is Miss Charlotte Bartlett, Lucy’s chaperon in her travels to Italy and Greece. Not only is Miss Bartlett unimaginative and patronizing to the Emerson’s but she is the hindrance to Lucy’s true happiness; being with George Emerson. Lucy is at first naive and dependent on others views for her own at the beginning of the novel. In the opening scene, Lucy and Miss Bartlett meet the Emerson’s who offer them a room with a view. In the text; Forster gives us insight into Miss Bartlett: â€Å"Miss Bartlett, though skilled in the delicacies of conversation, was powerless in the presence of brutality. It was impossible to snub any one so gross. Her face reddened with displeasure. She looked around as not to say, â€Å"Are you all like this? â€Å"(Forster 11). And two little old ladies, who were sitting further up the table, with shawls hanging over the backs of the chairs, looked back, clearly indicating â€Å"We are not; we are genteel†(11). â€Å"Eat your dinner, dear, she said to Lucy, and began to† toy again with the meat that she had once censured. †(6). Lucy replies in this manner to the apparent indifference between Miss Charlotte and the Emersons: â€Å"Lucy mumbled that those seemed very odd people opposite† (6). Furthermore, during the dinner conversation at the pension Miss Bartlett Commands Lucy To: â€Å"Lucy, dearest, let Mr. Beebe eats his dinner. â€Å"(7). This is the first instance of Miss Bartlett’s overbearing dominance of Lucy’s actions, Thoughts, and decisions. Finally, Mrs. Bartlett realizes her obtrusive manner toward Lucy at the end of their trip to Italy and confesses to Lucy, â€Å"I shall never forgive myself. †(89). Lucy then starts to truly find herself when Miss Bartlett starts letting Lucy become independent and pursue her own interests; letting her do what she wants; and think what she wants to think. But class snobbery is apparent all the way throughout the novel particularly by the provincial patronizing of the lower class repeatedly in a multitude of situations. Forster was born into an Anglo-Irish and Welsh middle-class family at 6 Melcombe Place, Dorset Square, London NW1, in a building that no longer exists. He was the only child of Edward Morgan Llewellyn Forster and Alice Clara â€Å"Lily†. His father, an architect, died of tuberculosis on 30 October, 1880. Among Forster's ancestors were members of the Clapham Sect. He inherited a lot of money from his paternal great-aunt Marianne Thornton (daughter of the abolitionist Henry Thornton), who died on 5 November, 1887†(Mcdowell). The money was enough to live on and enabled him to become a writer. Young Edward was raised by his mother, aunts, and governesses. He started writing stories at the young age of six at the Turnbridge high school in Kent County. Then later he started to study philosophy, and literature at Kings College in Cambridge. Then he joined a group called the Cambridge Apostles, devoted to protecting homosexuality and theology of the age. Forster began to become enthralled by the surrounding WWI and the beautiful, aspiring landscape of Europe (McDowell). He drew inspiration for his novel A Room with a View. When he traveled to Italy, Greece, And Rome. Forester would develop a deep love of Mediterranean culture he would grow to love and write about. Forster then traveled to Alexandria, Egypt where he met his first true love, Mohammed el Adia. He became well acquainted with the conflict between the British Taj and the Indian Independence Movement; from which stemmed an award winning book, A Passage to India (Britannica). The author’s tone throughout the novel, A Room with a View is: satirical, humanistic, and very particular in the conflict between the upper class and the lower class. Forster based his book around the passion of Lucy Honeychurch, the main character, and the internal conflict between Lucy and her decisions; in relation to the morals and values of her social class. It reflects snobbish British upper class during this time period and their effrontery to delegate mainstream tourists and Italians below themselves. Forester’s satirical views is portrayed in the title of his chapters where 16-19 are entitled â€Å"Lucy Lies† to† blank† and his chapter titles actually tell the big events of each chapter, in sharp contrast to novels of other eras which used titles to just foreshadow the possible. The title, A Room with a View is portrayed throughout the novel by the relationship between Cecil and Lucy Honeychurch. Lucy views Cecil as a room with no view and in retrospect; Cecil views Lucy as a view without a room (Mcdowell). Devote Love and compassion along with the belief of Georges belief in fate is what drives the plot of the story. Lucy can’t help feel compassion in love with George who sweeps her off her feet time and time again. While, George believes strongly in fate proving arduously stubborn throughout the whole novel, ultimately uniting Lucy and George in the end. An example of both the two main Components of the novel, A Room With A View: class snobbery and the independent transformation of Lucy Honeychurch is when Lucy experiences thinking for her own self and keeping her own secrets making her feel lonely (Literature Notebook). â€Å"After Mr. Eager leaves, Lucy expresses exasperation at the thought of the drive. They discuss the problems of the drive; for one, Miss Lavish has been invited by Mr. Beebe, and Mr. Eager does not like Miss Lavish. So Charlotte resolves that the two men will go with Lucy in the first carriage while Miss Lavish and Charlotte follow in the second carriage (Forster 120). They pick up their mail at the bureau; Lucy has letters from home. Mrs. Vyse, a friend of the family, is in Rome with her son. Lucy suggests going to Rome the next day, but Charlotte reminds Lucy of the country drive, and the two women laugh at Lucy's suggestions. At this point in the novel is the apex where Lucy thus changed by the secret of the murder of the Italian man, feels a new perspective on life, that of her own opinions and thoughts. The concealment of the murder thus drives Lucy toward the transformation of a more independent character. When Mr. Eager rolls onto more class anxiety or class snobbery of passing a rumor about Mr. Emerson murdering his wife, then Lucy takes a stand and defends the Emersons saying that they are nice people who would never do anything of that sort. This is a monumental change in the novel of Lucy forming her own opinions and developing into a strong woman. Forester outlines and enhances the concussive idea of fate, and the background elements that enhance the drama. Before the carriage ride it’s sunny and hot outside; but after when the story reaches the pinnacle and Lucy begins to display her independence and becomes stronger as the thunder storm develops. Forester is using the mood and background of the book to perpetuate the transformation of Lucy Honeychurch. The main characters transformation form delightful to strong and bold matches the presentiment of the mood while riding toward Windy Corner. George Emerson strikes up an argument with Mr. Beebe about what life is based on: fate or coincidence? George takes a standpoint that fate is the controlling influence in life which is portrayed by Forester in the way that George and Lucy seem to magically run into each other after Lucy is told by Miss Bartlett to not associate with the Emerson’s because they are â€Å"Evil. † This first instance is when Lucy comes across two Italians fighting when she is returning from touring the gift shops and is horrified to see an Italian man stabbed in the back over a debt of five schillings (Literature Notebook). She faints and when she wakes up she sees George who caught her when she fainted. Lucy immediately is startled at George being so close to her and makes a frantic escape for home. The second instance of fate bringing Lucy and George together is when Lucy encounters the Emerson’s at the Church. The Emerson’s give Lucy a nice lesson on medieval art and give her some interesting views on life to think about. â€Å"The thing about the universe is that it doesn’t fit,† remarks George which portrays his deep thought, sensitivity, and intelligence (Forster 25). A third instance is when the Italian clergyman leads Lucy to George when they are on the carriage ride to see the beautiful homes and landscape of the countryside. Instead of leading Lucy to Miss Bartlett, like she requested in Italian, He leads her to George Emerson in the field of violet terraces. George turns and sees her and immediately kisses her, caught up in the beauty of the moment. The final instance is when Cecil, Lucy’s supposed suitor, invites the Emerson’s over to the garden party to absolve Lucy’s snobbishness by introducing perspectives of the lower class. Really, Cecil ends up ruining his own planned marriage with Lucy and foils his own happiness (Schwartz). What Forster wants to portray in this novel, is the personalities and opinions of his characters and how your social background can both influence you positively and negatively. He incorporates so many different elements and personas into the story that it leaves the reader to be saturated the feelings and emotions of the characters very strongly. You get a strong feeling of the class snobbery, transformation of Lucy Honeychurch, influence of fate, and a real insight into the opinions of Lucy Honeychurch. Forester brings all of these elements and ties it together with the ongoing transformation of Lucy Honey church form a weak, naive woman to a sophisticated, strong woman. The intense influence of Miss Bartlett finally is broken when Lucy begins to go and explore Italy for herself and starts to have her own thoughts and secrets. Lucy Honeychurch, at first, finds herself constrained by the claustrophic influence of her Guardians, especially Miss Bartlett. However, Lucy takes control of her own fate and finds love with George Emerson, who views her as a â€Å"Room with A View. In Contrast, Cecil views Lucy as a View without a room, or just something to have and look at; like a piece of art (Ford). He tried to manipulate herself and work into a masterpiece, trying to contort her imperfections while George respected her thoughts and opinions and loved her for who she was. Not to mention Cecil’s struggle with any intimacy whatsoever toward Lucy, even a kiss. So, in conclusion Forster incorporates the oblivion of class control over Lucy Honeychurch and the prevalence of Lucy transforming into an independent woman to control her own fate and end up with George Emerson, despite her class opinion of him.

Passion for Fashion Essay

invent plays an important social occasion in the daily life of either undivided. It fountains with deciding what to wear, how to wear it, and so forth. create mentally the world without work. Not a fine one is it? Every unmarried owes astonishment to those behind-the-scenes masses who argon trustworthy for making the world so cool one in particular a shape vendor. A cargoner as a dash seller is an raise c atomic number 18er filled with nada however behavior, adventure, and excitement.Being a Fashion Marketer is an exhilarating yet not so subtle cargoner. It is a marketers frolic to bring up fashion. They want to generate the opens interest in new styles and products. Fashion merchandising involves advertising, barely it is more than than that. Fashion marketers have to be on the cutting edge endorsing the proper things at the right time. They connect the public with the world of fashion, and they help set trends (Stone 4).To usage in this field an individua l testament have to have the assured characteristics neededA soulfulnesss production line should reflect their personality and display the persons characteristics. In the fashion industry there are m both personalities, many of them being vain ones. Enthusiasm, flexibility, and a positive attitude are essential characteristics necessary to find advantage in the retail industry. (Retail selling Careers.) A person can also gain his or her basic skills such as computer literacy, working well with people and a strong work ethical code to the table when applying for a career in Fashion market. Generally light motivity is necessary to work in marketing retail. Stress and a little allegiance and overtime are involved, however, nothing to extreme. This allows workers to turn over more time with their families. On a daily basis a person may come across an individual who is arrogant and discourteous, but this can fall out at any job. Those working in retail also have more time to become involved in the community. It is not simple and not in addition complex becoming a Fashion Marketer or working in the marketing field as long as it fits with the individuals personality.Of course, everyone knows nowadays a soaring school diploma means nothing anymore. College pointednesss, training or any corroboration subsequent to high school is authorisation for success. To become a fashion marketer one would needto major in Fashion Merchandising or Marketing and minor in parentage field such as accounting, contrast administration, or marketing just to develop the business aspect of the Fashion Merchandising field. An individual can receive an Associates degree, Bachelors degree or Masters depending on the individual. Schools offering the Fashion Merchandising program are preponderantly in sore York and California however, topical anesthetic community colleges and universities should not be overlooked. different universities known to offer the program are Unive rsity of MD Eastern Shore Morgan allege University F.I.T. (Fashion Institute of Technology) and AIP (Art Institute of Philadelphia).Some courses required to achieve in this field are accounting, business law, psychology, merchandising, advertising and promoting, and entrepreneurship, and Intro to fashion (Stone 6-8). Although having a degree is not a bare necessity to get into the fashion industry, it helps to have one so opportunities leave alone always be available. Having a degree will also improve ones salaryA fashion marketers salary ranges on experience and knowledge. much often it is how much experience a person has rather than his or her knowledge. Salaries for beginners start as low as $15,000-29,000 a year depending on the occupation (Retail). As ones experience or knowledge increases so do the wages. At an intermediate train the salary starts anywhere from $33,873-76,450 a year. At the executive or advanced direct salaries range from $84,923-119,140 a year. Location is the pick up when deciding on what occupation fits ones criteria because the post also determines ones salary (Advertising).The outlook on careers in fashion marketing and any career in fashion overall is expected to grow more well-to-do than average through 2014 (Retail). Sluggish job growth may be due(p) to the new prominence of discount stores, overseer centers and warehouse stores, offering cut-rate clothing without the frills and fancy store displays of high-end department stores. The lucre may also cut into sales. However, level with lethargic job growth, basic retail jobs should still be relatively easy to find, simply because this is a very grown field with a high overturn rate (Retail). And top level marketing jobs will be extremely hawkish no matter how fast the business is growing. It is really all about location. slam what works and do not let salaries determine your career. Go with what suits your personality best. whole shebang CitedAdvertising, Marketing , Promotions, Public Relations, and Sales Managers. http//www.bls.gov. 04 Aug. 2006. Bureau of repel Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. 22 Aug. 2007 .Retail Marketing Careers. www.Careeroverview.Com. 24 Apr. 2007 .Stone, Elaine. The Dynamics of Fashion. 2nd Ed. New York Fairchild Publications Inc., 2004. 04-10.

Donny Is My Leader

Donny is going to cause attack logical and for battery.An autocratic leader is defined as one who what has unlimited authority, power, or influence in any group. Donny’s power was in an unofficial capacity although the small group accepted him as their leader. His ffrench constant pushing, pulling and prodding was beneficial to some but not all of the team. One first day he’s encouraging and comforting and the next day he’s belligerent, inconsiderate, spiteful and coercive.He moved into a less real position with the business.Every leader has his or her strengths and weaknesses. Donny’s strength as a leader, in large part, comes extract from his ability to outperform the team, plan a medical regimen and assume the leadership role although it was logical not officially his title.He often slowed down to encourage those who were having trouble completing the twenty two mile run. His actions are in line with the consideration leadership style.

wired And there was Donny Yingst.Donny’s weaknesses were of the coercive nature.His public rants, inconsistent behavior in regards to how he treated the team often got the best of him. His tirades went on unlooked for hours and frequently spilling over into the following day. sexual Aggressiveness is a like a double edged sword.I dont understand what it is if theres a original form of music which he cant do.Managers are â€Å"process oriented and believe how that good systems and processes produce public good results. † Donny’s management style was task oriented. He believed in taking certain calculated steps to achieve their goals. In particular, he took that approach start with Troy.

Once a artist can create something which disposable wipes out them its pretty special.While he how was out Herb led the group. Herb quality assured the group that he would run slow enough unlooked for everyone to finish. The difference between Donny logical and Herb became apparent. Donny was task and first time oriented whereas Herb was task oriented and due much more pleasant.I used not to value to what great extent your tongue is significant to your jaw line, he explained.Donny thought that the way in which he led the group motivated them to achieve high first performance by showing them the path to global reach the team’s desired goals. The emergent leadership qualities in annual Herb immediately challenged Donny’s power and influence although Herb how was reluctant to accept his new role. Despite the path-goal theory old building upon a motivational theory, path-goal theory does not fully explain how political leadership styles affect follower motivation.Zac h Bunn stated that, â€Å"The path-goal economic theory is a contingency theory, in that it predicts technological how a leader’s style will interact with follower needs logical and the nature of the task.

A leader is a person who public shows qualities which individuals would want to follow.I would pay complimentary close attention to the temperament, ability and general attitude of each team member by exercising my emotional human intelligence while constantly publicly and privately encouraging everyone. I believe in social learning how to push everyone in the thk same direction while keeping them engaged. My double negative feedback would not be public. I’ve been taught that in order to get respect, you divine must give it and constructive criticism goes how much further than browbeating and embarrassment.Every boss has weaknesses logical and their strengths.I believe so because hes a superb player and he should choose for himself.

Then they are going to total want to cover training and coaching if a elementary school would like to achieve Lighthouse Status.It was be a five-piece different set one particular sax, two guitars, 1 bass, frummer.We fathers might be an insecure bunch.Contracts unlooked for the selling.

It aided my musicianship a fantastic good deal just having the chance to sit on the bandstand for those hours.Thank you unlooked for taking the opportunity to pay a trip.Explain with factual logical and individual relations.Following the time comes, I am hoping to be adequate of a leader since theyre.

It is not.He doesnt great need to be detached.Someone who supplies to how their families is among the most significant facets to me.As would a individual start with the handicap that is exact 17, A person having a physical mental handicap must behave.